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Externalizing and internalizing problems in relation to autonomic function: a population-based study in

Andrea Dietrich1, Harriëtte Riese1, Frouke E P L Sondeijker1

  • 1Ms. Dietrich and Drs. Riese, Ormel, Neeleman, and Rosmalen are with the Department of Psychiatry and Graduate School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, and Dr. van Roon is with the Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen; Ms. Sondeijker and Ms. Greaves-Lord are with the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam; Drs. Ormel, Neeleman, and Rosmalen are with the Graduate School for Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen; and Dr. Neeleman is with the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
|February 23, 2007
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

Childhood behavioral problems are linked to distinct autonomic nervous system patterns. Externalizing behaviors correlate with underarousal, while internalizing behaviors suggest overarousal, particularly when problems persist from early life.

Area of Science:

  • Child psychology
  • Autonomic nervous system function
  • Behavioral science

Background:

  • Childhood behavioral problems, including externalizing and internalizing types, are prevalent.
  • Autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation plays a crucial role in physiological and emotional responses.
  • Previous research suggests ANS differences in children with behavioral issues, but specific patterns remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between externalizing and internalizing problems and heart rate (HR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS).
  • To determine if behavioral problems present from preschool to preadolescence show stronger links to autonomic function.
  • To explore divergent autonomic patterns related to specific behavioral dimensions in children.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • A population cohort of 931 children aged 10-13 years underwent autonomic function testing (RSA, BRS) in supine and standing positions.
  • Current behavioral problems were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist.
  • Retrospective assessment of preschool-age behavioral problems was conducted using the Preschool Behavior Questionnaire.

Main Results:

  • At rest, externalizing problems were linked to lower HR and higher RSA, while internalizing problems were associated with higher HR and lower RSA.
  • These associations were more pronounced in children with a history of problems from preschool age.
  • Autonomic changes during standing did not correlate with behavioral dimensions.

Conclusions:

  • Externalizing and internalizing problems are associated with distinct autonomic patterns, indicative of underarousal and overarousal, respectively.
  • Early-onset behavioral problems may be key drivers of these divergent autonomic profiles.
  • Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and their implications.