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Related Concept Videos

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
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Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...

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Bolus or continuous hydrocortisone--that is the question.

Steffen Weber-Carstens1, Didier Keh

  • 1Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum & Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany. steffen.weber-carstens@charite.de

Critical Care (London, England)
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Summary

Continuous hydrocortisone infusion in septic shock reduces hyperglycemia compared to bolus dosing, improving patient outcomes and easing staff workload. This finding is crucial for optimizing sepsis management strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Sepsis management involves evolving guidelines from randomized controlled trials.
  • Combining treatments like intensive insulin therapy and hydrocortisone in septic shock can lead to harmful interactions, such as steroid-induced hyperglycemia complicating glycemic control.

Discussion:

  • Loisa and coworkers investigated the interaction between hydrocortisone administration and glycemic control in septic shock.
  • The study compared continuous hydrocortisone infusion with bolus application to mitigate adverse effects.

Key Insights:

  • Continuous hydrocortisone infusion was associated with fewer hyperglycemic episodes compared to bolus administration.
  • Continuous infusion also led to a reduced staff workload, indicating a more efficient treatment method.

Outlook:

  • Further research should explore optimal hydrocortisone administration strategies in sepsis.
  • These findings may inform updated clinical guidelines for managing septic shock and its associated metabolic derangements.