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Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
08:18

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Published on: May 16, 2025

Fillers in the periorbital complex.

J Charlie Finn1, SueEllen Cox

  • 1Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA. cfinn@aesthetic-solutions.com

Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America
|February 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Injectable fillers offer a valuable alternative or supplement to traditional blepharoplasty for periorbital rejuvenation. Precise injection techniques are crucial for effective volume replacement and managing potential complications in the periorbital area.

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
08:18

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Published on: May 16, 2025

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction
06:32

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction

Published on: December 5, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Dermatology
  • Aesthetic Medicine

Background:

  • Periorbital rejuvenation is a common aesthetic goal.
  • Blepharoplasty techniques often focus on volume redistribution.
  • Injectable fillers present an alternative or complementary approach for volume replacement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the anatomy of the periorbital complex relevant to filler injections.
  • To discuss indications for using injectable fillers in periorbital rejuvenation.
  • To detail techniques for precise filler placement and complication management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anatomical structures of the periorbital region.
  • Analysis of current literature on injectable fillers for periorbital enhancement.
  • Discussion of various filler materials and their application.

Main Results:

  • Detailed anatomical considerations for safe and effective filler injection.
  • Guidelines for selecting appropriate fillers based on patient needs.
  • Techniques for achieving natural-looking results and addressing potential adverse events.

Conclusions:

  • Injectable fillers are a versatile tool for periorbital volume restoration.
  • Understanding periorbital anatomy is paramount for successful treatment.
  • Proper technique and complication awareness are essential for safe periorbital rejuvenation with fillers.