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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Published on: April 1, 2016

Is phonological encoding in naming influenced by literacy?

Paulo Ventura¹, Régine Kolinsky, José-Luís Querido

¹Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-013, Lisboa, Portugal. paulo.ventura@fpce.ul.pt

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research

|February 24, 2007

Summary

Literacy does not affect phonemic representations in spoken word production. However, illiterate adults show delayed phonemic priming effects, possibly due to slower picture identification.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Linguistics

Background:

Phonological priming is crucial for understanding spoken word production.
The role of phonemic units in speech processing for illiterate individuals remains under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate phonological priming in illiterate adults.
To assess the use of phonemic units in phonological encoding across different literacy levels.

Main Methods:

Cross-modal picture-word interference task.
Participants named pictures while hearing distractor words at varying stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs).
Compared illiterate adults, ex-illiterates, and university students.

Main Results:

All groups showed faster picture naming with phoneme-related distractors compared to unrelated ones.
Phonemic representations are utilized in phonological output regardless of literacy.
Illiterate adults exhibited a delayed phonemic priming effect compared to literate groups.

Conclusions:

Phonemic processing in spoken word production is independent of literacy.
Slower picture identification may explain the delayed phonemic priming effect in illiterate individuals.