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Skeletal system. Part one--bone structure.
1South Eastern Sydney and Illawarra Area Health Service, Australia.
This article introduces bone anatomy and physiology, detailing their essential functions. Subsequent parts will cover bone growth, the axial skeleton, and the appendicular skeleton.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Human Anatomy
- Physiology
Background:
- Bones form the human skeletal system, providing structure and protection.
- Understanding bone anatomy and physiology is fundamental to grasping skeletal function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a foundational overview of bone anatomy and physiology.
- To serve as the introductory article in a four-part series on the skeletal system.
Main Methods:
- Descriptive review of bone structure and biological roles.
- Explanation of fundamental physiological processes within bones.
Main Results:
- Detailed exploration of the core anatomical components of bones.
- Elucidation of the diverse functions bones serve in the body.
Conclusions:
- This article establishes the essential knowledge base for subsequent discussions on bone development and skeletal regions.
- A comprehensive understanding of bone anatomy and physiology is crucial for further study of the skeletal system.
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Related Concept Videos
01:55Bone Structure
01:02What is the Skeletal System?
01:20Introduction to the Skeletal System
Components of the Skeletal System
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a hard connective tissue that forms an internal support structure for the human body. Bones shield vulnerable organs and soft tissue from external forces. For example, the vertebral bones protect and support the spinal cord.
Cartilage, a semi-rigid connective tissue found in regions such as...
01:18Classification of Bones
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The long...
01:17Gross Anatomy of Bone
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...
01:09Spongy Bone
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...