Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions00:59

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions

Direct-acting cholinergic agonists exert their pharmacological actions by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine on postsynaptic muscarinic receptors to generate parasympathetic responses. These agents elicit a range of physiological responses, including cardiovascular effects. For example, activation of muscarinic receptors induces bradycardia, decreased cardiac output, reduced peripheral resistance, and consequent hypotension. In the eye, stimulation of M3 receptors leads to smooth muscle...
Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacokinetics01:24

Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacokinetics

Cholinergic antagonists—such as antimuscarinics—are available in oral, topical, ocular, parenteral, and inhalational formulations. Most antimuscarinics are oral formulations,  while scopolamine is available as a topical patch, and ipratropium and tiotropium are available as inhalation aerosols or powders. Atropine, tropicamide, and cyclopentolate are topically instilled in the eye. Most antimuscarinics are lipid-soluble and readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and the conjunctiva.
Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions01:28

Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions

Antimuscarinic drugs block muscarinic receptors in multiple systems, including the gut, eye, smooth muscles, respiratory tract, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. They produce similar effects with varying selectivity depending on the specific agent and tissue. Here are the key pharmacological actions of antimuscarinics:
Gastrointestinal Effects: Antimuscarinics reduce gut contractions, increase gastric emptying, and slow intestinal transit. They partly inhibit gastric acid secretion...
Cholinergic Antagonists: Therapeutic Uses01:26

Cholinergic Antagonists: Therapeutic Uses

Antimuscarinic drugs have various therapeutic applications by inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation in different systems. Here are the key therapeutic uses of antimuscarinics:    
Respiratory Tract: Ipratropium, aclidinium, and tiotropium treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They protect against bronchoconstriction caused by irritants like cigarette smoke, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. They also help reduce nasopharyngeal secretions in common...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:28

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...
Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Compensatory tRNA Modification by DUS3L Confers Resistance to METTL1 Loss in Oesophageal Cancer.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

METTL9 sustains vertebrate neural development primarily via non-catalytic functions.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

THUMPD3 regulates alternative splicing of ECM transcripts in human lung cancer cells and promotes proliferation and migration.

PloS one·2024
Same author

PhOxi-seq Detects Enzyme-Dependent m<sup>2</sup>G in Multiple RNA Types.

ACS chemical biology·2024
Same author

Pseudouridine guides germline small RNA transport and epigenetic inheritance.

Nature structural & molecular biology·2024
Same author

Pseudouridine guides germline small RNA transport and epigenetic inheritance.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2023
Same journal

A viral ORFeome library for systems-level genetic dissection of host-pathogen interactions.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Co-option of lysosomal machinery shapes the evolution of the intracellular photosymbiosis supporting coral reefs.

Cell·2026
Same journal

LEF1 and niche factors determine T cell stemness across chronic diseases.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Recurrent patterns of TOP1-mediated neuronal genomic damage shared by major neurodegenerative disorders.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Four-dimensional molecular mapping from a spatial snapshot reveals the dynamics of hair follicle organogenesis.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Whole-cell particle-based digital twin simulations from 4D lattice light-sheet microscopy data.

Cell·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Video Imaging and Spatiotemporal Maps to Analyze Gastrointestinal Motility in Mice
07:41

Video Imaging and Spatiotemporal Maps to Analyze Gastrointestinal Motility in Mice

Published on: February 3, 2016

Chromatin modifications and their function.

Tony Kouzarides1

  • 1The Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB21QN, UK. t.kouzarides@gurdon.cam.ac.uk

Cell
|February 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Histone modifications on nucleosomes regulate DNA packaging and protein interactions. These epigenetic marks influence fundamental biological processes and can be inherited.

More Related Videos

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
09:45

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Published on: April 27, 2017

Cannula Implantation into the Cisterna Magna of Rodents
10:13

Cannula Implantation into the Cisterna Magna of Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Video Imaging and Spatiotemporal Maps to Analyze Gastrointestinal Motility in Mice
07:41

Video Imaging and Spatiotemporal Maps to Analyze Gastrointestinal Motility in Mice

Published on: February 3, 2016

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
09:45

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Published on: April 27, 2017

Cannula Implantation into the Cisterna Magna of Rodents
10:13

Cannula Implantation into the Cisterna Magna of Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Chromatin Biology

Background:

  • Nucleosomes, the basic units of DNA packaging, feature numerous surface modifications.
  • At least eight classes of histone modifications are known, with multiple sites per class.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the functional roles of histone modifications in chromatin structure and function.
  • To understand how these modifications influence biological processes and epigenetic inheritance.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of histone modification sites.
  • Analysis of chromatin contacts and nonhistone protein recruitment.
  • Investigation of higher-order chromatin structure modulation.

Main Results:

  • Histone modifications disrupt or facilitate chromatin contacts.
  • Modifications guide the recruitment of nonhistone proteins to chromatin.
  • Histone modifications dictate higher-order chromatin structure and enzyme complex orchestration.

Conclusions:

  • Histone modifications are key regulators of chromatin organization and DNA manipulation.
  • These modifications play a critical role in fundamental biological processes.
  • Histone modifications have the potential to mediate epigenetic inheritance.