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Related Concept Videos

Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin of...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

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Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique
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Chromatin challenges during DNA replication and repair.

Anja Groth1, Walter Rocha, Alain Verreault

  • 1Laboratory of Nuclear Dynamics and Genome Plasticity, UMR 218 CNRS/Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, Cedex 5, France.

Cell
|February 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Maintaining DNA sequence and chromatin organization is vital for eukaryotes. Cells utilize nucleosome assembly and chromatin maturation pathways to ensure faithful inheritance of epigenetic information during DNA replication and repair.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • DNA sequence and chromatin organization are crucial for eukaryotic cell function.
  • DNA replication and repair present challenges to maintaining chromatin structure and accessibility.
  • Cells require mechanisms to faithfully reproduce chromatin organization after DNA manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathways involved in nucleosome assembly and chromatin maturation.
  • To explain how chromatin organization is maintained during DNA replication and repair.
  • To highlight the stability of the epigenetic landscape despite chromatin structural changes.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing research on DNA replication, repair, and chromatin dynamics.
  • It examines the molecular machinery responsible for nucleosome assembly and chromatin remodeling.
  • The review integrates findings on epigenetic inheritance and chromatin structure maintenance.

Main Results:

  • Cells possess sophisticated pathways for rapid nucleosome assembly post-replication and repair.
  • Chromatin maturation mechanisms ensure the accurate propagation of epigenetic marks.
  • These processes are essential for maintaining the stability of the epigenetic landscape.

Conclusions:

  • Efficient nucleosome assembly and chromatin maturation pathways are fundamental for eukaryotic life.
  • These mechanisms ensure the stable inheritance of genetic and epigenetic information.
  • Understanding these pathways provides insights into maintaining cellular function and preventing disease.