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Related Concept Videos

Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
Strategies of Self-Presentation III: Self-Monitoring01:24

Strategies of Self-Presentation III: Self-Monitoring

Self-monitoring is a central construct in understanding individual differences in self-presentation strategies across social contexts. It refers to how individuals observe, regulate, and control their expressive behavior and self-presentation following situational cues. Self-monitoring reflects a person's sensitivity to social appropriateness and willingness to adapt behavior to fit varying interpersonal demands.High vs. Low Self-Monitoring IndividualsIndividuals high in self-monitoring are...
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you...
Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison01:27

Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison

Social comparison plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of personal success and self-worth. Rather than assessing our achievements in isolation, we interpret their significance relative to personal goals and critically in comparison to the performance of others. A grade of B in a mathematics exam might elicit pride if one's expectation was a C, yet result in disappointment if an A was anticipated or if peers achieved superior results. These comparative evaluations illustrate how both...
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model01:29

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...

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Related Experiment Videos

Measuring shame and guilt by self-report questionnaires: a validation study.

Nicolas Rüsch1, Patrick W Corrigan, Martin Bohus

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. nicolas_ruesch@psyallg.ukl.uni-freiburg.de

Psychiatry Research
|February 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study compared shame and guilt questionnaires in women with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and healthy individuals. Findings suggest the Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA-3) may have reduced validity in clinical populations, particularly for guilt-proneness.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Self-report questionnaires are crucial for assessing shame and guilt, aiding understanding of their role in mental disorders.
  • Existing shame and guilt measures are primarily validated on healthy populations, limiting knowledge of their comparative validity in clinical groups prone to these emotions.
  • Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with heightened emotionality, making it a relevant population for studying shame and guilt.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the validity of three shame and guilt questionnaires (TOSCA-3, PFQ-2, ESS) in women with BPD versus healthy controls.
  • To examine the intercorrelations of shame-proneness, guilt-proneness, and state shame with various psychological constructs in both groups.
  • To assess the discriminant validity of shame and guilt measures in a clinical population.

Main Methods:

  • Employed the Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA-3), Personal Feelings Questionnaire (PFQ-2), and Experiential Shame Scale (ESS).
  • Recruited 60 women with BPD and 60 healthy women for the study.
  • Assessed correlations between shame/guilt measures and self-efficacy, empowerment, anxiety, experiential avoidance, depression, and general psychopathology.

Main Results:

  • Shame-proneness moderately correlated with guilt-proneness across both groups and measures.
  • The TOSCA-3's guilt-proneness scale exhibited poor internal consistency.
  • Discriminant validity of the TOSCA-3 between shame and guilt was less clear in the BPD group compared to healthy controls.
  • The Experiential Shame Scale (ESS) strongly correlated with state anxiety, indicating significant overlap.

Conclusions:

  • The discriminant validity of the TOSCA-3 may be compromised in clinical samples like BPD.
  • The PFQ-2 demonstrated similar correlational patterns for shame and guilt across both groups.
  • State shame, as measured by the ESS, is closely related to state anxiety, suggesting potential measurement overlap.