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Neurodevelopmental changes in working memory and cognitive control.

Silvia A Bunge1, Samantha B Wright

  • 1Department of Psychology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA. sbunge@berkeley.edu

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children and adolescents improve cognitive control, enhancing goal-directed behavior and impulse inhibition. Brain imaging reveals increased activity in key regions like the prefrontal cortex supports these developmental changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Behavioral changes during childhood and adolescence include enhanced ability to work towards long-term goals, ignore distractions, and control impulses, collectively termed cognitive control.
  • Cognitive control development is crucial for adaptive functioning and academic success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental changes in brain structure and function associated with improvements in working memory and cognitive control.
  • To identify the neural correlates of enhanced cognitive control during development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies to examine brain development.
  • Analyzed changes in brain structure and function related to cognitive tasks.

Main Results:

  • Developmental improvements in cognitive control are associated with increased recruitment of task-relevant brain regions.
  • Specifically, the prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, and striatum show increased activity with age.
  • This neural recruitment correlates with better performance on cognitive tasks.

Conclusions:

  • The development of cognitive control involves significant changes in brain activity, particularly in prefrontal and parietal regions.
  • Further research is required to understand the influence of experience on the neural circuits underlying cognitive control.