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Myofascial trigger points.

Elizabeth Demers Lavelle1, William Lavelle, Howard S Smith

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Albany Medical Center, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA.

The Medical Clinics of North America
|February 27, 2007
PubMed
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Myofascial trigger points cause chronic pain and dysfunction. Treatments range from noninvasive methods like massage to invasive procedures such as dry needling for myofascial pain relief.

Area of Science:

  • Pain Medicine
  • Musculoskeletal Disorders
  • Physical Therapy

Background:

  • Musculoskeletal pain, including myofascial pain syndrome, is a significant clinical challenge.
  • Myofascial trigger points are hyperirritable spots in skeletal muscle causing pain and dysfunction.
  • These trigger points can lead to referred pain, motor deficits, and autonomic symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of myofascial trigger points.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current understanding and management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on myofascial trigger points.
  • Analysis of noninvasive and invasive treatment modalities.
  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria and clinical presentation.

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Main Results:

  • Identified various noninvasive treatments like spray and stretch, TENS, physical therapy, and massage.
  • Detailed invasive treatments including local anesthetic injections, corticosteroids, botulinum toxin, and dry needling.
  • Highlighted the characteristic referred pain, motor dysfunction, and autonomic phenomena associated with trigger points.

Conclusions:

  • Myofascial trigger points are a common cause of chronic musculoskeletal pain.
  • A range of treatment options, both noninvasive and invasive, are available.
  • Understanding the underlying mechanisms is crucial for effective management of myofascial pain.