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Related Concept Videos

Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow specific...
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory organs,...
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Real-time In Vivo Recording of Arabidopsis Calcium Signals During Insect Feeding Using a Fluorescent Biosensor
08:21

Real-time In Vivo Recording of Arabidopsis Calcium Signals During Insect Feeding Using a Fluorescent Biosensor

Published on: August 15, 2017

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in plants.

Boaz Kaplan1, Tal Sherman, Hillel Fromm

  • 1Nirit Seeds Ltd., Moshav Hadar-Ham 42935, Israel. boazk@bezeqint.net

FEBS Letters
|February 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Cyclic nucleotide monophosphates (cNMPs) in plants are now understood to regulate ion homeostasis, development, and defense. Their primary targets, cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs), have diverse functions revealed through various studies.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The roles of cyclic nucleotide monophosphates (cNMPs) in plants were previously unclear due to conflicting data on their levels, synthesis, degradation, and targets.
  • Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) represent the most abundant class of cNMP targets in plant cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on cNMPs in plants.
  • To focus on the structure, function, and diverse roles of CNGCs in plant cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies.
  • Analysis of research on CNGCs in heterologous systems and within planta.

Main Results:

  • Emerging evidence indicates CNGCs are crucial for ion homeostasis.

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Real-time In Vivo Recording of Arabidopsis Calcium Signals During Insect Feeding Using a Fluorescent Biosensor
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Real-time In Vivo Recording of Arabidopsis Calcium Signals During Insect Feeding Using a Fluorescent Biosensor

Published on: August 15, 2017

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Wide-Field, Real-Time Imaging of Local and Systemic Wound Signals in Arabidopsis

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Measuring Spatial and Temporal Ca2+ Signals in Arabidopsis Plants
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  • CNGCs play significant roles in plant development and defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses.

    • Conclusions:

    • Despite a fragmented understanding, CNGCs are vital multifunctional proteins in plant cellular processes.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex roles of cNMPs and CNGCs in plants.