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Related Experiment Videos

Reward sensitivity in depression: a biobehavioral study.

Stewart A Shankman1, Daniel N Klein, Craig E Tenke

  • 1Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. stewman@uic.edu

Journal of Abnormal Psychology
|February 28, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Early-onset depression may involve a deficit in the brain's approach motivation system, unlike late-onset depression. This impacts reward-seeking behavior and frontal brain activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The approach-withdrawal model describes two neural systems for motivation and emotion.
  • Individual differences in emotional reactivity (affective styles) are linked to these systems.
  • Depression is theorized to involve reduced reward-seeking (approach motivation) and left frontal brain activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between depression, approach motivation, and frontal brain activity.
  • To test if early-onset and late-onset depression differ in approach motivation system function.

Main Methods:

  • Electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha power was recorded in depressed and nondepressed individuals.
  • A task was designed to manipulate approach motivation.

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  • EEG data was analyzed to compare frontal activity during the task.

    • Main Results:

    • Nondepressed individuals and those with late-onset depression showed increased left frontal activity during the approach task, as hypothesized.
    • Individuals with early-onset depression did not exhibit this increase in left frontal activity.
    • This suggests a potential deficit in the approach motivation system in early-onset depression.

    Conclusions:

    • Early-onset depression may be characterized by a dysfunction in the neural systems supporting approach motivation.
    • Findings support the approach-withdrawal model's predictions for late-onset depression but highlight differences in early-onset depression.
    • Further research is needed to understand the specific neural mechanisms underlying early-onset depression and its relation to motivation.