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Related Concept Videos

Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
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Published on: April 28, 2016

Modes of executive control in sequence learning: from stimulus-based to plan-based control.

Elisabet Tubau1, Bernhard Hommel, Joan López-Moliner

  • 1Departament de Psicologia Basica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. etubau@ub.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General
|February 28, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Human sequential learning shifts from stimulus to plan control with practice, especially for explicit learners. This learning is influenced by stimuli, sounds, instructions, and noise, as explained by the event-coding model.

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The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task
10:39

The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task

Published on: May 3, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Motor Control

Background:

  • Human sequential learning often involves a transition from stimulus-driven to plan-based action control.
  • Understanding this shift is crucial for diagnosing learning processes and cognitive control modes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the shift from stimulus- to plan-based action control during sequential learning.
  • To identify factors that facilitate or hinder this transition.

Main Methods:

  • Manipulated the frequency of first-order transitions in a manual left-right sequence task.
  • Assessed performance sensitivity to frequency-induced biases under varying practice conditions.
  • Examined the influence of visual-verbal stimuli, auditory stimuli, and noise on learning.

Main Results:

  • Frequency biases diminished with increased practice, indicating a shift towards plan-based control.
  • This shift was more pronounced in explicit learners.
  • Visual-verbal stimuli, response-contingent sounds, and intentional instructions facilitated the learning shift.
  • Auditory noise, but not visual noise, hampered the learning process.

Conclusions:

  • Sequential learning involves a shift from stimulus- to plan-based control, particularly for explicit learners.
  • The event-coding model provides a framework for understanding how action plans are coded and executed.
  • Factors like sensory input and intentionality modulate the efficiency of sequential learning and action control.