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Metallic voice: physiological and acoustic features.

Eliana Midori Hanayama1, Zuleica Antonia Camargo, Domingos Hiroshi Tsuji

  • 1Center for Specialization in Clinical Speech Pathology and Audiology, CEFAC, São Paulo, Brazil. midorihanayama@gmail.com

Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation
|February 28, 2007
PubMed
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The metallic voice involves specific physiological adjustments in the throat and larynx, altering vocal tract acoustics. These changes, not just pitch, characterize the metallic vocal quality for singers and listeners.

Area of Science:

  • Vocal acoustics
  • Physiology of voice production
  • Perceptual voice analysis

Background:

  • The "metallic voice" quality is often misidentified as ringing or nasality by listeners.
  • Misdiagnosis can lead to incorrect vocal techniques, causing strain and fatigue.
  • Understanding the acoustic and physiological basis of the metallic voice is crucial for accurate vocal pedagogy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the acoustic and physiological characteristics of the metallic voice.
  • To correlate perceived vocal quality with measurable physiological and acoustic changes.
  • To differentiate the metallic voice from other vocal qualities like nasality.

Main Methods:

  • Fiberscopic video pharyngolaryngoscopy was used to observe the velopharynx, pharynx, and larynx in 21 professional singers.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Singers produced the vowel [e] in both normal and metallic modes.
  • Simultaneously recorded vocal samples were analyzed using linear predictor coefficients (LPC) to extract formant frequencies and amplitudes (F1-F4).

    • Main Results:

    • Physiological adjustments observed include velar lowering, pharyngeal narrowing, laryngeal elevation, and constrictions in the aryepiglottic and lateral laryngeal areas.
    • No significant changes in the frequency or amplitude of the first formant (F1) were found in the metallic voice.
    • Significant increases in the amplitudes of F2, F3, and F4, and an increase in F2 frequency were observed.
    • The perception of loudness in the metallic voice correlated with increased amplitudes of F3 and F4.

    Conclusions:

    • The metallic voice is characterized by a combination of physiological adjustments in the vocal tract.
    • These physiological changes are acoustically linked to specific alterations in the formant patterns, particularly F2, F3, and F4.
    • Accurate identification of the metallic voice requires considering both physiological and acoustic data, moving beyond simple pitch perception.