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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Defining Gene Functions in Tumorigenesis by Ex vivo Ablation of Floxed Alleles in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells
Published on: August 25, 2021
Pituitary tumor-transforming gene: physiology and implications for tumorigenesis
George Vlotides1, Tamar Eigler, Shlomo Melmed
1Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
Abstract:
Pituitary tumor-transforming gene-1 (PTTG1) is overexpressed in a variety of endocrine-related tumors, especially pituitary, thyroid, breast, ovarian, and uterine tumors, as well as nonendocrine-related cancers involving the central nervous, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems. Forced PTTG1 expression induces cell transformation in vitro and tumor formation in nude mice. In some tumors, high PTTG1 levels correlate with invasiveness, and PTTG1 has been identified as a key signature gene associated with tumor metastasis. Increasing evidence supports a multifunctional role of PTTG1 in cell physiology and tumorigenesis. Physiological PTTG1 properties include securin activity, DNA damage/repair regulation and involvement in organ development and metabolism. Tumorigenic mechanisms for PTTG1 action involve cell transformation and aneuploidy, apoptosis, and tumorigenic microenvironment feedback. This paper reviews recent advances in our understanding of PTTG1 structure and regulation and addresses known mechanisms of PTTG1 action. Recent knowledge gained from PTTG1-null mouse models and transgenic animals and their potential application to subcellular therapeutic targeting PTTG1 are discussed.
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