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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Drug Metabolism: Phase I Reactions01:17

Drug Metabolism: Phase I Reactions

A phase I reaction is a biochemical process that introduces a functionally reactive polar group to a substance. This transformation predominantly occurs in the liver, facilitated by the cytochrome P450 system of hemoproteins situated in the lipophilic endoplasmic reticulum of cells. The metabolite generated through this process can have varying polarities. If it is sufficiently polar, it can be easily excreted in the urine due to its water compatibility. However, if the metabolite is nonpolar,...
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

Multiphasic heterogeneous catalysis mediated by catalyst-philic liquid phases.

Pietro Tundo1, Alvise Perosa

  • 1Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali dell'Università Ca' Foscari and Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale la Chimica per l'Ambiente INCA, Dorsoduro 2137-30123 Venezia, Italy. tundop@unive.it

Chemical Society Reviews
|February 28, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This review explores catalyst-philic multiphasic systems for efficient organic reactions. These systems offer integrated catalyst separation and product recovery, simplifying complex chemical processes.

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Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
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Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
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Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)

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Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

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Published on: April 12, 2019

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
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Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

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Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
08:25

Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)

Published on: January 17, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Heterogeneous catalysis is crucial for industrial chemical synthesis.
  • Traditional methods often face challenges in catalyst separation and product recovery.
  • Multiphasic systems offer potential solutions for streamlined catalytic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review heterogeneous catalysis in catalyst-philic multiphasic systems.
  • To consolidate scattered information on these advanced catalytic systems.
  • To highlight the role of catalyst-philic phases in enhancing catalytic efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of multiphasic catalytic systems.
  • Analysis of catalyst-philic phase components (PEGs, onium salts, ionic liquids).
  • Evaluation of effects on catalytic efficiency and separation.

Main Results:

  • Catalyst-philic multiphasic systems provide inherent catalyst separation.
  • These systems facilitate efficient product recovery in organic reactions.
  • Specific phase components significantly influence catalytic performance.

Conclusions:

  • Catalyst-philic multiphasic systems represent a promising approach for sustainable catalysis.
  • Further research into phase component optimization can unlock greater efficiency.
  • This review consolidates knowledge for advancing heterogeneous catalysis.