Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Tactile Vibrating Toolkit and Driving Simulation Platform for Driving-Related Research
Published on: December 18, 2020
Verbal and cognitive distractors in driving performance while using hands-free phones
Chiuhsiang Joe Lin1, Hung J Chen
1Department of Industrial Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan.
Abstract:
This study investigated the effect of different types of distractions related to use of a hands-free phone on driving performance. The study used three types of verbal distractors: casual conversation, simple arithmetic number guessing, and number adding, in the phone conversation. 12 adults were instructed to follow a lead vehicle on a closed-course highway in a fixed-based driving simulator. The results showed that use of a hands-free cellular phone involving verbal and cognitive distractions impaired driving performance and skill. Types of distraction produced significantly different effects on several dependent variables: the driving speed, headway (distance between the lead car and the manipulated car), brake reaction time, and number of collisions with the lead car. In general, the higher the cognitive load involved in the dialogue, the worse the driving performance.
Related Concept Videos
Schemas
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping
High-Level and Low-Level Awareness
Cognitive Dissonance
The Availability Heuristic
Barriers to Effective Communication I
Communication barriers include the following:
Physiological barriers: They are limitations caused by a person's health condition or disability, such as hearing loss, poor eyesight, illness, or unconsciousness. An example to overcome this barrier...

