Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 16, 2026
Local Hyperthermia for Warts Treatment
Published on: November 8, 2024
To freeze or not to freeze: a cost-effectiveness analysis of wart treatment
M R Keogh-Brown1, R J Fordham, K S Thomas
1Department of Health Policy and Practice, School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK. m.keogh-brown@uea.ac.uk
Background:
Several general practitioner (GP)-prescribed and over-the-counter therapies for warts and verrucae are available. However, the cost-effectiveness of these treatments is unknown.
Objectives:
To compare the cost-effectiveness of different treatments for cutaneous warts.
Methods:
We designed a decision-analytic Markov simulation model based on systematic review evidence to estimate the cost-effectiveness of various treatments. The outcome measures studied are percentage of patients cured, cost of treatment and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for each treatment, compared with no treatment, after 18 weeks.
Results:
Duct tape was most cost-effective but published evidence of its effectiveness is sparse. Salicylic acid was the most cost-effective over-the-counter treatment commonly used. Cryotherapy administered by a GP was less cost-effective than GP-prescribed salicylic acid and less cost-effective than cryotherapy administered by a nurse.
Conclusions:
Duct tape could be adopted as the primary treatment for cutaneous warts if its effectiveness is verified by further rigorous trials. Nurse-administered cryotherapy is likely to be more cost-effective than GP-administered cryotherapy.
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