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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
Published on: March 30, 2014
HIV transmission among drug users in Larkana, Pakistan
Nadeem ur Rehman1, Faran Emmanuel, Saeed Akhtar
1Country Office for Pakistan, UNODC, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan.
Abstract:
During a routine surveillance programme, 17 of 183 drug users in Larkana, Pakistan, were found to be HIV positive. To investigate the factors to this rapid transmission of HIV, a case-control study was conducted. Cases were HIV seropositive male drug dependants, while controls were drug dependants who were tested to be HIV seronegative. A total number of seven cases and 14 controls were recruited for the investigation at a case:control ratio of 1:2. Univariate logistic regression analysis of the data showed that injection drug use in groups, re-using a syringe that is used by a companion, sex with commercial sex workers, having multiple sex partners, and early initiation of sexual activity were associated with HIV seropositivity among heroin addicts.
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