Far-field potentials in circular volumes: evidence to support the leading/trailing dipole model

The leading/trailing dipole model explains the production of far-field potentials as an asymmetry in the leading and trailing dipole moments of a propagating action potential detected by a referential montage. This investigation documents the production of far-field potentials produced by a pure dipole generator in a circular volume conductor. Multiple equipotential waveforms are recorded in an adjoining circular volume conductor attached to the one in which the dipole generator is located. This finding substantiates the "wick electrode" effect that explains the equipotential and instantaneous distribution of far-field potentials over relatively large distances in volume conductors. The present findings support a number of the leading/trailing dipole model proposals which explain far-field potential generation.