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Phonological processing in relation to reading: an fMRI study in deaf readers.

Mario Aparicio¹, Daniel Gounot, Elisabeth Demont

¹Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie in Vivo, UMR7004 CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, 4, rue Kirschleger, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France.

|March 3, 2007

Summary

Early auditory deprivation in deaf readers alters reading brain mechanisms. Deaf individuals show heightened activation in specific brain regions, suggesting alternative reading strategies and compensation for speech input loss.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Linguistics

Background:

Early auditory deprivation impacts phonological development and reading neural mechanisms.
The development of reading skills is influenced by auditory speech input.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare neural activity during reading tasks in hearing versus pre-lingually deaf individuals.
To investigate how the absence of auditory speech input shapes the brain's reading network.

Main Methods:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed.
Participants completed lexical and rhyming decision tasks.
Neural activity was analyzed in functional regions of interest (ROIs) related to reading.

Main Results:

Deaf readers exhibited significantly higher activation in grapho-phonological ROIs compared to hearing individuals.
Elevated activation was observed in the posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC) and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in deaf readers.
These findings suggest compensatory neural strategies in the absence of auditory speech input.

Conclusions:

The neural mechanisms of reading are significantly shaped by auditory speech experience.
Deaf readers may utilize alternative reading strategies, prioritizing rule-based letter-to-sound conversion.
Activation in right IFG and pMFC likely reflects phonological recoding, inner speech, and cognitive effort.