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Extrapulmonary sarcoidosis.

Marc A Judson1

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29466, USA. judsonma@musc.edu

Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|March 3, 2007
PubMed
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Sarcoidosis commonly affects organs outside the lungs, causing significant illness. Treatment for extrapulmonary sarcoidosis involves various strategies beyond targeting granulomatous inflammation.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Immunology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease characterized by non-caseating granulomas.
  • Extrapulmonary sarcoidosis manifestations are frequent and a primary source of patient morbidity.
  • Management of sarcoidosis affecting organs beyond the lungs presents unique therapeutic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse clinical presentations of sarcoidosis affecting organs outside the lungs.
  • To discuss current and alternative therapeutic approaches for extrapulmonary sarcoidosis.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of managing sarcoidosis beyond pulmonary involvement.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical presentations.
  • Analysis of therapeutic strategies for extrapulmonary sarcoidosis.

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  • Synthesis of information on non-standard treatments.

    • Main Results:

    • Extrapulmonary sarcoidosis can manifest in virtually any organ system.
    • Treatment often necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, considering topical therapies and agents not directly targeting granulomas.
    • Established treatment protocols for pulmonary sarcoidosis may not be directly applicable.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of extrapulmonary sarcoidosis requires tailored therapeutic plans.
    • A broad range of treatment options, including immunosuppressants and supportive care, are essential.
    • Further research into targeted therapies for specific extrapulmonary sarcoidosis sites is warranted.