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Related Experiment Videos

Varicella embryopathy.

A M Magliocco1, D J Demetrick, H B Sarnat

  • 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
|February 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Varicella embryopathy, a rare condition, causes severe birth defects when maternal varicella (chickenpox) occurs in early pregnancy. This case highlights significant fetal malformations and neurological damage, underscoring the risks of prenatal infection.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Genetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Varicella embryopathy is a rare congenital condition.
  • Maternal varicella infection during the first 20 weeks of gestation can lead to fetal malformations.
  • The teratogenic effects of varicella are not well-established by epidemiological studies.

Observation:

  • A male neonate born at 40 weeks gestation to a mother with first-trimester varicella infection presented with growth retardation.
  • The infant exhibited multiple cicatricial skin lesions, joint contractures, organ hypoplasia (diaphragm, brainstem), and fibrotic changes in the trachea and intestines.
  • Postmortem examination revealed severe central nervous system abnormalities, including cystic necrosis, ventriculomegaly, and neuronal loss in the spinal cord.

Findings:

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  • The infant experienced significant growth retardation and multiple congenital anomalies affecting the skin, musculoskeletal system, respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, and central nervous system.
  • Neuropathological findings included cystic necrosis of the cerebral lobes, hypoplasia of the brainstem, denervation atrophy, and loss of dorsal root ganglia and anterior horn neurons.
  • Immunocytochemical stains for varicella antibodies were negative in all examined tissues.

Implications:

  • This case report details a severe presentation of varicella embryopathy, emphasizing the potential for profound fetal developmental disruption.
  • The pathogenesis may involve fetal immune response, possibly focal defects in the fetal T-cell immunity.
  • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying varicella embryopathy and its sporadic nature.