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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body being...
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...

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Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
10:46

Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation

Published on: September 18, 2012

Optical coherence tomography.

Pier Alberto Testoni1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. testoni.pieralberto@hsr.it

Thescientificworldjournal
|March 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides high-resolution subsurface imaging for diagnosing gastrointestinal and pancreatico-biliary conditions. This advanced imaging technique aids in early detection of neoplastic lesions and differentiating between cancerous and non-cancerous tissues.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution, subsurface imaging modality utilizing infrared light.
  • Its principle is analogous to ultrasound but offers superior resolution (approx. 10 micrometers).
  • OCT's clinical applications have expanded significantly in recent years, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreatico-biliary system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the applications of OCT in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreatico-biliary system.
  • To highlight OCT's capability in evaluating tissue microstructure and layer architecture.
  • To assess OCT's potential in diagnosing preneoplastic conditions and neoplastic lesions.

Main Methods:

  • OCT imaging is performed using narrow-diameter, catheter-based probes.
  • Probes are inserted via endoscopes for gastrointestinal tract investigation.
  • For pancreatico-biliary system imaging, probes are used within ERCP catheters.

Main Results:

  • OCT allows detailed visualization of gastrointestinal wall layers (mucosa, submucosa).
  • The technique can identify preneoplastic conditions like Barrett's epithelium and dysplasia.
  • OCT aids in assessing the depth of early-stage neoplastic lesions.
  • Imaging of the pancreatic and biliary ducts improves diagnostic accuracy for epithelial changes.

Conclusions:

  • OCT is a valuable tool for evaluating gastrointestinal and pancreatico-biliary diseases.
  • It enhances the diagnosis of preneoplastic and neoplastic conditions.
  • OCT improves differential diagnosis between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in these systems.