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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Adult Mouse Digit Amputation and Regeneration: A Simple Model to Investigate Mammalian Blastema Formation and Intramembranous Ossification
09:17

Adult Mouse Digit Amputation and Regeneration: A Simple Model to Investigate Mammalian Blastema Formation and Intramembranous Ossification

Published on: July 12, 2019

Regeneration potency of mouse limbs.

Hideki Masaki1, Hiroyuki Ide

  • 1Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.

Development, Growth & Differentiation
|March 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Mammals show limited limb regeneration potential due to a lack of blastema cells. This study explores bone and cartilage formation in amputated mouse limbs, finding that while the stump environment supports some cartilage and bone development, exogenous cell or growth factor addition is key for successful limb regeneration.

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Reproducible Mouse Sciatic Nerve Crush and Subsequent Assessment of Regeneration by Whole Mount Muscle Analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Mammalian Limb Development

Background:

  • Mammals possess limited limb regeneration capabilities compared to amphibians.
  • A key factor in mammalian regeneration deficiency is the scarcity of dedifferentiated cells required for blastema formation.
  • Understanding bone and cartilage formation is crucial for advancing limb regeneration strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate bone and cartilage formation in amputated neonatal mouse limbs.
  • To explore the potential of grafted embryonic limb buds and reaggregated cells in regenerating limb structures.
  • To assess the role of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) in stimulating new bone formation within the stump environment.

Main Methods:

  • Amputation of neonatal mouse limbs followed by observation of stump healing and bone/cartilage formation.
  • Grafting of intact and reaggregated embryonic mouse limb buds (including transgenic green fluorescent protein-labeled buds) into amputated limb stumps.
  • Grafting of reaggregated bone marrow mesenchymal cells and BMP-7-infused gelatin gel into limb stumps.

Main Results:

  • Neonatal mouse limb amputation led to stump bone hypertrophy, cell proliferation, and cartilage formation, but no new bone elements.
  • Grafted intact limb buds successfully differentiated into segmented bone, cartilage, and soft tissues, forming complex skeletal patterns.
  • Reaggregated limb bud cells and bone marrow mesenchymal cells formed cartilage and digit-like structures, indicating cell plasticity.
  • BMP-7 treatment induced new bone element formation preceded by cartilage, suggesting stump tissue's supportive role.

Conclusions:

  • The stump tissue environment in mammals can support cartilage and bone formation.
  • Limb regeneration in mammals may be achievable by supplying competent cells, either endogenously or exogenously.
  • Further research into cell sourcing and growth factor application holds promise for future mammalian limb regeneration therapies.