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Parkin polymorphisms and environmental exposure: decrease in age at onset of Parkinson's disease.

Isabella Ghione1, Alessio Di Fonzo, Francesca Saladino

  • 1Centro per il Morbo di Parkinson, Centro Dino Ferrari, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Milan, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S., Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan, Italy.

Neurotoxicology
|March 6, 2007
PubMed
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Parkinson disease (PD) onset is significantly earlier in individuals with both parkin gene polymorphisms (SNPs) and environmental exposures. Screening those with environmental exposure for parkin SNPs is recommended.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) etiology is complex, involving genetic and environmental factors.
  • Parkin gene (PARK2) is a known susceptibility gene for PD.
  • Environmental exposures are implicated in PD pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between parkin gene polymorphisms (SNPs) and environmental exposure (EE) on the age of onset of idiopathic PD.
  • To determine if combined genetic and environmental factors have a synergistic effect on PD onset.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective enrollment of 81 Italian PD patients.
  • Exclusion of patients with positive family history; genetic screening of PARK1, PARK2, and PARK8.
  • Subgroup analysis based on presence/absence of parkin polymorphisms and environmental factors.

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Main Results:

  • A significant reduction in PD age of onset (mean 62.18 years) was observed in patients with both parkin SNPs and EE, compared to those without (mean 71.62 years).
  • Patients with either parkin SNPs or EE alone showed an intermediate age of onset.
  • The combined effect of parkin SNPs and EE strongly lowered PD onset age, while individual factors had a modest influence.

Conclusions:

  • Parkin polymorphisms and environmental exposures interact synergistically to significantly reduce the age of onset for Parkinson disease.
  • Individuals with documented environmental or occupational exposures should be considered for screening for parkin gene polymorphisms.
  • This interaction highlights the importance of considering both genetic predisposition and environmental triggers in PD.