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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
Published on: August 13, 2019
Structure-nongenomic neuroprotection relationship of estrogens and estrogen-derived compounds
Laszlo Prokai1, James W Simpkins
1Department of Molecular Biology & Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA. lprokai@hsc.unt.edu
Abstract:
Nongenomic estrogen signaling pathways involve extranuclear estrogen receptors or function independently from estrogen receptors. These pathways participate in neuroprotection elicited by the hormone. Additional nongenomic neuroprotective effects are attributable to antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions of estrogens. Numerous chemical modifications to afford neuroprotective compounds from estrogens while eliminating estrogenicity and maintaining or enhancing nongenomic neuroprotection have been described. This review highlights recent structure-activity studies that revealed the importance of antioxidant effects for neuroprotective estrogen analogues and derivatives.
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