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Myoclonus and extrapyramidal diseases.

L Defebvre1

  • 1Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, EA2683, IFR114, Lille University Medical Centre, Hôpital Roger-Salengro, 59037 Lille cedex, France. ldefebvre@chru-lille.fr

Neurophysiologie Clinique = Clinical Neurophysiology
|March 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This review examines myoclonus in Parkinsonism and related disorders. While often a cortical phenomenon, a subcortical origin for myoclonus is also considered.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Myoclonus is associated with Parkinsonism and dystonia in extrapyramidal diseases.
  • Stimulus-sensitive, distal, or focal reflex myoclonus is frequently observed, though not always prominent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical and electrophysiological features of myoclonus in various neurodegenerative diseases.
  • To explore the potential origins of myoclonus in these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical and electrophysiological studies.
  • Analysis of features such as reflex responses, evoked potentials, and electroencephalography (EEG) activity.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests myoclonus can be classified as a cortical phenomenon.
  • Features include long-latency reflex responses, giant somatosensory evoked potentials, and focal cortical EEG activity preceding myoclonus.

Conclusions:

  • Myoclonus in Parkinsonism and related disorders exhibits distinct clinical and electrophysiological characteristics.
  • While often considered cortical, a subcortical origin for myoclonus cannot be definitively excluded in all cases.

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