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Distinct neural correlates underlying two- and three-dimensional mental rotations using three-dimensional objects.

Hiroaki Kawamichi1, Yoshiaki Kikuchi, Madoka Noriuchi

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Mental rotation strategy selection depends on task difficulty. Three-dimensional (3D) object rotation activates the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), suggesting a motor strategy for complex visualizations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Mental rotation involves distinct motor and visual strategies.
  • Object attributes and experience influence strategy selection.
  • The role of 3D object properties in motor strategy activation is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate brain activity differences between 2D and 3D mental rotations of 3D objects.
  • To determine if 3D object attributes enhance motor-related brain activities.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to compare brain activity.
  • Participants performed two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) mental rotations of 3D objects.
  • Activity was analyzed in relation to rotation angle and dimensionality.

Main Results:

  • Right superior parietal lobule (SPL) activation correlated with 2D rotation angle.
  • Right dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) activation correlated with 3D rotation angle.
  • Right PMd activity linked to visualizing hidden object parts, crucial for 3D rotation.

Conclusions:

  • Task difficulty, influenced by rotation dimensionality, drives motor strategy selection.
  • The right SPL is involved in rotation imagery without visualization.
  • The right PMd plays a key role in constructing and manipulating 3D images, especially with hidden parts.