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Related Experiment Videos

Limitations to maximum running speed on flat curves.

Young-Hui Chang1, Rodger Kram

  • 1Comparative Neuromechanics Laboratory, School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0356, USA. yh.chang@gatech.edu

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|March 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Running speed decreases on curves because the inside leg generates less force. This challenges the idea that maximum leg extension is the limiting factor in turning performance.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Locomotion
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Maximal running speed is reduced on curved paths.
  • The prevailing theory suggests increased lateral forces reduce vertical forces, limiting leg extension.
  • This assumption lacks direct empirical validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biomechanical factors limiting maximal running speed on curved paths.
  • To directly measure ground reaction forces during straight and curved sprints.
  • To test the hypothesis that maximum leg extension force is the limiting factor.

Main Methods:

  • Measured maximal sprint velocities and ground reaction forces in male humans.
  • Compared straight-line sprints to sprints on circular tracks (1-6m radii).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilized a tether system to apply centripetal force during some curved sprints.

    • Main Results:

    • Peak resultant ground reaction forces were significantly lower during curve sprinting than straight sprinting.
    • This finding directly contradicts the notion that maximum leg extension force is always achieved and limiting.
    • Tether use increased sprint speed, but not to predicted levels; the inside leg generated smaller peak forces than the outside leg.

    Conclusions:

    • Reduced maximal running speed on curves is not solely due to limitations in maximum leg extension force.
    • Biomechanical constraints on the inside stance leg during curve sprinting reduce its force-generating capacity.
    • Quadrupeds may have an advantage in turning due to multi-leg force redistribution and constraint decoupling.