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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography-Guided Valve Sizing for Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement
Published on: January 20, 2022
Chronic pulmonary valve insufficiency after repaired tetralogy of Fallot: diagnostics, reoperations and
Alexander Kadner1, Igor I Tulevski, Urs Bauersfeld
1University of Zürich, Division of Congenital Cardiovascular Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland. alexanderkadner@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Complete correction of Tetralogy of Fallot, the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect, has now become routine. However, late residual lesions, primarily chronic pulmonary valve insufficiency, may have a negative impact on right-ventricular function, leading to the need for reoperation to insert a competent valve at the right-ventricular outflow. The diagnostic modalities pertaining to the failing right ventricle, the timing for eventual reintervention and the various surgical reconstruction possibilities of the right-ventricular outflow tract are still controversial and evolving, and are reviewed with a brief overview on current trends and future outlooks.
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