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Polarization-insensitive ultralow-power second-harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating.

Houxun Miao1, Andrew M Weiner, Carsten Langrock

  • 1Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA. hmiao@purdue.edu

Optics Letters
|March 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new method for ultralow-power optical pulse characterization using second-harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating (SHG FROG). This technique achieves polarization-insensitive measurements, enabling accurate pulse retrieval without input polarization control.

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Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear Optics
  • Waveguide Optics
  • Femtosecond Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) is crucial for characterizing ultrashort optical pulses.
  • Traditional FROG methods are sensitive to input polarization fluctuations, complicating measurements.
  • Achieving ultralow-power measurements requires robust techniques insensitive to environmental noise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate polarization-insensitive ultralow-power second-harmonic generation FROG (SHG FROG) measurements.
  • To overcome limitations of random polarization fluctuations in FROG.
  • To enable accurate pulse retrieval at minimal power levels.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a fiber-pigtailed, aperiodically poled lithium niobate waveguide.

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  • Implemented rapid polarization scrambling faster than the measurement integration time.
  • Performed SHG FROG measurements on femtosecond pulses at 50 MHz repetition rate.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved polarization-insensitive SHG FROG measurements.
    • Successfully retrieved intensity and phase profiles of optical pulses.
    • Demonstrated measurements at an ultralow coupled average power of 5.2 nW.
    • Eliminated the need for input polarization control.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed technique enables robust and ultralow-power optical pulse characterization.
    • Rapid polarization scrambling effectively mitigates polarization-induced errors in FROG.
    • This method significantly advances the capabilities of nonlinear optical measurements.