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Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes
10:00

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes

Published on: March 24, 2015

Interferon-beta1b in multiple sclerosis.

Mathias Buttmann1, Peter Rieckmann

  • 1Julius-Maximilians University, Department of Neurology, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany. m.buttmann@uni-wuerzburg.de

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
|March 8, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Interferon beta-1b (IFN-beta(1b)) was the first approved treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). This review covers its structure, effects, clinical trials, and its position against emerging MS therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Therapeutics

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic CNS inflammatory disease.
  • Interferon beta-1b (IFN-beta(1b)) was the first US FDA-approved immunomodulatory treatment for MS in 1993.
  • Current therapeutics for MS are diverse, with ongoing development of novel agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of interferon beta-1b (IFN-beta(1b)) for multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To summarize current knowledge on IFN-beta(1b)'s structure, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and mechanisms of action.
  • To critically evaluate clinical trials and discuss the future market position of IFN-beta(1b) amidst new therapeutic options.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published and ongoing clinical trials on IFN-beta(1b) in MS.

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Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α
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Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α

Published on: June 14, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes
10:00

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes

Published on: March 24, 2015

Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α
08:26

Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α

Published on: June 14, 2018

  • Analysis of data on biochemical structure, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics.
  • Examination of therapeutic and adverse effects, including long-term follow-up and specific patient populations.

    • Main Results:

    • IFN-beta(1b) has been studied in various clinical contexts, including early MS, different dosages, and long-term follow-up.
    • Research has explored its efficacy in specific populations (e.g., Japanese patients, children) and its interaction with neutralizing antibodies and biomarkers.
    • Data on IFN-beta(1b) use during pregnancy is also considered.

    Conclusions:

    • Interferon beta-1b (IFN-beta(1b)) remains an established treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS).
    • Its long-term efficacy, safety profile, and use in specific populations are well-documented.
    • Emerging therapies like monoclonal antibodies and oral immunosuppressants pose a significant challenge to IFN-beta(1b)'s market position.