Strongyloidiasis in North Queensland: re-emergence of a forgotten risk group?

To describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of strongyloidiasis in northern Queensland, and to identify predisposing factors for this infection.

A five-year retrospective study of medical records of all cases diagnosed in a regional hospital microbiology laboratory, with follow-up by interview where possible.

The Townsville General Hospital.

A total of 14 cases of strongyloidiasis were identified, with patients ranging in age from 7 months to 59 years.

Infected patients included nine Aborigines and two Vietnamese refugees, both high-risk groups. Of three Caucasians diagnosed, one was a war veteran, but the other two did not have significant travel histories; all three had lived or worked under insanitary conditions. In only one case was strongyloidiasis suspected; in most, it was diagnosed because of diarrhoea or blood eosinophilia which could not be related to the presenting illness. Thiabendazole treatment was effective in most cases.

In northern Australia, strongyloidiasis can be acquired locally by Caucasians who live in unhygienic circumstances. It should be suspected in any person with unexplained abdominal pain, diarrhoea, cutaneous symptoms or blood eosinophilia, and the laboratory must be informed of the provisional diagnosis.