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An outbreak of bacteremic Campylobacter jejuni infection
W X Shandera1, M P Tormey, M J Blaser
1Division of Field Services, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia.
Abstract:
During September 1980, an outbreak of bacteremic Campylobacter jejuni infection occurred in metropolitan Los Angeles. The outbreak was recognized when blood cultures obtained from 11 previously healthy persons with acute febrile illnesses (characterized in over 80% by fever, diarrhea, and headaches) were positive for C. jejuni. All recovered after an illness that lasted a mean of 8 days. A surveillance system failed to reveal a concomitant outbreak of gastroenteritis. Isolates had identical biochemical characteristics, susceptibility patterns to antimicrobial agents, and serotypes. Isolates from 2 patients were found to be susceptible to bactericidal activity of normal human serum. When bacteremic case-patients were matched with healthy controls, a significant association (p less than 0.05, odds ratio 10) between illness and consumption of processed turkey was established. Although turkey was not available for culture, and processing of turkey theoretically destroys Campylobacter, turkey carcasses are known to be heavily contaminated with the pathogen.
Insights
An outbreak of bacteremic Campylobacter jejuni infections in Los Angeles was linked to processed turkey consumption. Despite no concurrent gastroenteritis outbreak, 11 individuals experienced severe illness, highlighting a potential foodborne transmission route.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
- Foodborne Illness
Background:
- An outbreak of bacteremic Campylobacter jejuni infection occurred in Los Angeles in September 1980.
- The infection presented as acute febrile illness, with fever, diarrhea, and headaches in most cases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the cause of the bacteremic Campylobacter jejuni outbreak.
- To identify the source of infection and risk factors associated with the illness.
Main Methods:
- Blood cultures were used to identify Campylobacter jejuni in 11 patients.
- Case-patients were matched with healthy controls for comparison.
- Statistical analysis was performed to determine significant associations.
Main Results:
- All 11 patients recovered after a mean illness duration of 8 days.
- No concurrent outbreak of gastroenteritis was detected.
- A significant association (p < 0.05, odds ratio 10) was found between illness and consumption of processed turkey.
Conclusions:
- Processed turkey was identified as a likely source of the bacteremic Campylobacter jejuni outbreak.
- Although processing may reduce contamination, turkey carcasses are known reservoirs for Campylobacter.
- This study underscores the risk of severe infections from contaminated poultry products.