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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Prostate Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
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Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Prostate Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts

Published on: August 1, 2025

The IGF axis in prostate cancer.

S Monti1, L Proietti-Pannunzi, A Sciarra

  • 1Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, UOC di Endocrinologia, Rome, Italy. salvatore.monti@uniroma1.it

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|March 10, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) axis plays a key role in prostate cancer development and growth. Elevated IGF-I levels are linked to increased prostate cancer risk, impacting cell growth and survival.

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An Orthotopic Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis
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Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Prostate Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
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An Orthotopic Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis
06:48

An Orthotopic Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis

Published on: September 18, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Prostate cancer is a leading cause of male cancer deaths globally.
  • The Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) axis is implicated in tumorigenesis.
  • Epidemiological studies suggest a link between IGF-I and prostate cancer risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence supporting the role of the IGF axis in prostate cancer.
  • To analyze epidemiological, in vitro, and in vivo studies on IGF and prostate cancer.
  • To consolidate findings on IGF axis involvement in prostate cancer progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological studies.
  • Analysis of in vitro and animal models of prostate cancer.
  • Examination of human ex vivo prostate cancer tissue samples.

Main Results:

  • Circulating IGF-I levels correlate positively with increased prostate cancer risk.
  • IGF-I/IGF-II activation of IGF-IR promotes prostate cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis.
  • Altered expression of IGF axis components is observed in prostate cancer models and tissues.

Conclusions:

  • The IGF axis is significantly involved in prostate cancer development and progression.
  • Targeting the IGF axis may offer therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer.
  • Further research into the IGF axis in prostate cancer is warranted.