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Direct detection of the asteroidal YORP effect.

Stephen C Lowry1, Alan Fitzsimmons, Petr Pravec

  • 1School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK. s.c.lowry@qub.ac.uk

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The Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effect provides direct evidence of altering asteroid spin rates. Precise observations of near-Earth asteroid 2000 PH5 show a continuous increase in its rotation, confirming the YORP effect.

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Area of Science:

  • Solar System Dynamics
  • Asteroid Physics
  • Observational Astronomy

Background:

  • The Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effect is a theorized mechanism influencing the rotation of small solar system bodies.
  • Previous evidence for the YORP effect has been indirect, lacking definitive observational proof.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide direct observational evidence of the YORP effect's influence on asteroid spin states.
  • To precisely measure the spin rate change of a small near-Earth asteroid.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted precise optical photometric observations of asteroid (54509) 2000 PH5 over a 4-year period.
  • Analyzed observational data to determine the asteroid's rotation rate and its change over time.
  • Performed dynamical simulations, including gravitational torque analysis and close Earth approach modeling, to rule out alternative explanations.

Main Results:

  • Observed a continuous increase in the rotation rate of asteroid 2000 PH5.
  • Quantified the spin rate increase as domega/dt = 2.0 (+/-0.2) x 10(-4) degrees per day squared.
  • Demonstrated that gravitational torques from Earth encounters could not account for the observed spin acceleration.

Conclusions:

  • The observed spin rate increase in asteroid 2000 PH5 provides direct evidence for the YORP effect.
  • Dynamical simulations support the YORP effect as the cause of the spin change.
  • Projected that asteroid 2000 PH5 may reach a rotation period of approximately 20 seconds in the future.