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Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication02:38

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.
S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication02:38

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.

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Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Mouse Oocytes for Assessment of Synapsis and Recombination
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Anaphase onset before complete DNA replication with intact checkpoint responses.

Jordi Torres-Rosell1, Giacomo De Piccoli, Violeta Cordon-Preciado

  • 1Cell Cycle Group, Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 10, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Cellular checkpoints prevent mitosis with stalled DNA replication forks. However, this study shows the Smc5-Smc6 complex is crucial for completing replication before cell division, independent of known checkpoints.

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

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Published on: July 18, 2025

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Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
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Published on: December 10, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cellular checkpoints normally halt mitosis if DNA replication forks stall.
  • It remains unknown if checkpoints ensure DNA replication completion prior to mitosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether DNA replication completion is monitored by cellular checkpoints before mitosis.
  • To understand the role of the Smc5-Smc6 complex in replication and cell division.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized yeast smc5-smc6 mutants to study DNA replication and mitosis.
  • Analyzed replication timing at natural replication-impeding loci, including the ribosomal DNA gene cluster.
  • Investigated chromosome segregation in the absence of functional Smc5-Smc6.

Main Results:

  • Replication was significantly delayed in smc5-smc6 mutants, particularly at the ribosomal DNA locus.
  • Mitotic entry occurred with unfinished replication in smc5-smc6 mutants, leading to chromosome nondisjunction.
  • Removing replication fork obstacles in smc5-smc6 mutants restored temporal coupling between replication and segregation.

Conclusions:

  • The Smc5-Smc6 complex is essential for timely DNA replication completion before mitosis.
  • Known cellular checkpoints do not appear to surveil the completion of DNA replication.
  • Replication completion and chromosome segregation are temporally uncoupled in smc5-smc6 mutants lacking functional Smc5-Smc6.