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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
09:43

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

[Treating lupus nephritis: guideline from the Italian Society of Nephrology]

P Stratta1, C Canavese, A Lupo

  • 1Italian Society of Nephrology - Italy.

Giornale Italiano Di Nefrologia : Organo Ufficiale Della Societa Italiana Di Nefrologia
|March 10, 2007
PubMed

Insights

Immunosuppressive agents like cyclophosphamide and azathioprine, combined with steroids, can reduce mortality and slow lupus nephritis progression. Further research is needed for new treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology

Context:

  • Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus.
  • Current treatment guidelines for LN rely on systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Evidence for therapeutic interventions in LN is synthesized based on available RCT data.

Purpose:

  • To present evidence on lupus nephritis treatment options based on systematic reviews of RCTs.
  • To summarize the efficacy and safety of different therapeutic strategies for LN.
  • To inform clinical practice and identify areas for future research in LN management.

Summary:

  • Combining cyclophosphamide (CyA) and steroids for induction therapy in LN patients may reduce serum creatinine doubling risk compared to steroids alone, but carries a risk of ovarian failure.
  • Azathioprine (Aza) combined with steroids significantly lowers all-cause mortality risk in LN patients compared to steroids alone.
  • No significant survival benefits are proven for plasma exchange with CyA or Aza, and varying CyA doses show no significant differences in renal or survival outcomes.

Impact:

  • Available evidence supports the use of immunosuppressive agents to reduce mortality and slow renal disease progression in LN.
  • The findings highlight the need for further studies on novel immunosuppressive agents, such as mycophenolate mofetil, for severe LN cases.
  • This guideline contributes to evidence-based management of lupus nephritis, guiding clinicians towards optimal therapeutic choices.
Abstract

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