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Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Household Wiring And Electrical Safety01:13

Household Wiring And Electrical Safety

Companies that supply power to most modern households use three conductors, typically called a three-wire line. While one is neutral, the other two are both at 120 V but with opposite polarity, giving a voltage of 240 V between them. With a three-wire line, high-power appliances that require 240 V, such as electric stoves and clothes dryers, are linked between the two hot lines. 120 V appliances can be connected between the neutral and either of the hot lines. The neutral side, which is always...
Insulation Coordination01:23

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Insulation coordination is the process of matching electric equipment's insulation strength with protective device characteristics to protect the equipment against expected overvoltages. This selection is based on engineering judgment and cost. Equipment can generally withstand short-duration high transient overvoltages, but repeated tests with identical waveforms can yield inconsistent results. As a result, standard impulse voltage waveforms are used for testing, defined by specific times for...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Cellular Injury II: Classification01:21

Cellular Injury II: Classification

Cellular injury is any process that disrupts a cell’s ability to maintain homeostasis, leading to structural or functional changes. It is broadly classified based on etiology (cause) and mechanism of damage.Classification by EtiologyCellular injury may result from several causes. Hypoxic injury happens due to reduced oxygen delivery, most commonly from inadequate blood supply, such as arterial obstruction; for example, coronary artery thrombosis can cause myocardial infarction. Chemical injury...
Electrical Power01:07

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Electric power is the product of current and voltage, represented in units of joules per second, or watts. For example, cars often have one or more auxiliary power outlets with which you can charge a cell phone or other electronic devices. These outlets may be rated at 20 amps and 12 volts, so that the circuit can deliver a maximum power of 240 watts. Consider a 25 Watt bulb and a 60 Watt bulb. The conversion of electrical energy produces heat and light, while the kinetic energy lost by the...

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Method for Recording Broadband High Resolution Emission Spectra of Laboratory Lightning Arcs
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Published on: August 27, 2019

Electrical and lightning injuries.

Hemmat Maghsoudi1, Yosef Adyani, Nahid Ahmadian

  • 1Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Journal of Burn Care & Research : Official Publication of the American Burn Association
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Electrical burn injuries affect 4% of burn admissions, primarily young males, with high-voltage sources being most common. These injuries necessitate significant surgical intervention and can lead to severe complications, including amputation and death.

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Area of Science:

  • Trauma Surgery
  • Electrical Injury Medicine
  • Burn Care

Background:

  • Electrical burn injuries represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
  • Understanding the epidemiology and outcomes of electrical injuries is crucial for public health and clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms, complications, morbidity, and mortality associated with electrical injuries.
  • To analyze the characteristics of patients admitted with electrical burns.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 5053 acute burn admissions over a 5-year period.
  • Identification and detailed review of 202 patients with electrical burn injuries.
  • Data collection included patient demographics, injury source, burn severity, surgical procedures, complications, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • 202 patients (4%) sustained electrical burns, predominantly males (98%) with a mean age of 27.5 years.
  • High-voltage electricity (54%) was the most frequent cause, followed by low-voltage (42%) and lightning (4%).
  • Complications included amputation (7.4%), cardiac issues (2%), and a mortality rate of 2%.

Conclusions:

  • Electrical burn injuries remain a serious public health concern, often resulting from occupational hazards like climbing power poles.
  • Preventive strategies targeting high-risk activities are essential.
  • Comprehensive management addressing potential complications is vital for improving patient outcomes.