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Scald prevention campaigns: do they work?

Melanie Spallek1, Jim Nixon, Chris Bain

  • 1School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

Journal of Burn Care & Research : Official Publication of the American Burn Association
|March 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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The Queensland "Hot Water Burns Like Fire" campaign did not reduce hot water temperatures or scald injury rates. This study highlights the need for rigorous evaluations of health promotion campaigns.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Promotion Evaluation
  • Injury Prevention

Background:

  • Scald injuries from hot water are a significant public health concern.
  • The Queensland
  • Hot Water Burns Like Fire
  • campaign aimed to reduce these injuries through public awareness.
  • Effectiveness of such campaigns requires rigorous evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the effectiveness of the Queensland
  • Hot Water Burns Like Fire
  • campaign on hot water temperatures and scald injury rates.
  • To assess changes in household hot water temperatures before and after the campaign.
  • To analyze trends in hospital admissions for scald injuries in relation to the campaign and legislation.

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Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional temperature sampling of household hot water taps in Brisbane in 1990 and 2002-2003.
  • Collection of data on scald injury-related hospital admissions in Queensland from 1990 to 2003.
  • Statistical analysis including independent sample t-tests, linear regression, and comparison of pre- and post-intervention rates.

Main Results:

  • Mean hot water temperatures were significantly higher in 2002-2003 compared to 1990.
  • Scald injury rates were significantly higher after the campaign's introduction (170.36/100,000) compared to before (113.41/100,000).
  • Homes with tempering valves had lower temperatures, but overall temperatures increased post-campaign.

Conclusions:

  • The Queensland
  • Hot Water Burns Like Fire
  • campaign was not effective in reducing hot water temperatures or scald injury rates.
  • There is a need for rigorous evaluation of health promotion campaigns to build an evidence base.
  • Findings suggest a need for re-evaluation of strategies for preventing hot water scald injuries.