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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

Giant cell arteritis presenting as small bowel infarction.

Aniyizhai Annamalai1, Mark L Francis, Sriya K M Ranatunga

  • 1Department of General Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794-9636, USA. aannamalai@siumed.edu

Journal of General Internal Medicine
|March 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) rarely affects the intestines, but can cause small bowel obstruction and infarction. Early diagnosis and treatment of GCA are crucial for better patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Gastroenterology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) typically affects cranial arteries.
  • Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement in GCA is uncommon.
  • Mesenteric vasculitis is a rare cause of bowel obstruction.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with small bowel obstruction due to mesenteric artery infarction.
  • The patient's condition was attributed to a rare manifestation of GCA.
  • Despite aggressive steroid therapy, the patient experienced multiple complications and mortality.

Findings:

  • This case report highlights GCA as a potential cause of small bowel obstruction and infarction.
  • Literature review identified 11 previous cases of GCA-related bowel involvement.
  • Vasculitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of GI emergencies.

Implications:

  • Early consideration of vasculitis in the differential diagnosis can improve therapeutic efficacy.
  • This case underscores the importance of recognizing rare GCA manifestations.
  • Timely diagnosis and management of GCA are critical for preventing severe complications.