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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct regions...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone...
Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

[Adrenal pseudocyst; a case report].

Tomonori Minagawa1, Shuji Nishizawa, Tsuyoshi Nakayama

  • 1The Department of Urology, Nagano Municipal Hospital.

Hinyokika Kiyo. Acta Urologica Japonica
|March 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

A rare adrenal pseudocyst, a large cystic mass, was surgically removed from a 35-year-old woman. Histopathology confirmed the adrenal pseudocyst diagnosis, revealing a thick wall compressing the normal adrenal gland.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Abdominal Imaging

Background:

  • Adrenal pseudocysts are rare, often asymptomatic retroperitoneal cystic masses.
  • This case highlights a large adrenal pseudocyst presenting as an abdominal mass.

Observation:

  • A 35-year-old woman presented with a palpable right upper abdominal mass.
  • Abdominal CT revealed a 20 cm diameter cystic mass in the right retroperitoneum.
  • The mass contained 3100 ml of dark brown, thrombotic fluid.

Findings:

  • Surgical resection included the normal adrenal gland due to mass compression.
  • Histopathological examination confirmed an adrenal pseudocyst with a thick fibrotic wall.
  • The normal adrenal gland was significantly compressed by the pseudocyst wall.

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
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Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering rare adrenal lesions in abdominal mass evaluations.
  • Understanding the formation and expansive growth mechanisms of adrenal pseudocysts is crucial for diagnosis and management.
  • Complete surgical resection is a viable treatment option for symptomatic adrenal pseudocysts.