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The innervation of the human meniscus
A P Assimakopoulos1, P G Katonis, M V Agapitos
1Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.
Abstract:
Fourteen menisci from seven anatomic specimens were examined to identify their innervation. After staining by a modified gold chloride method, the menisci were sectioned on a sliding microtome and were studied under a light microscope. Free nerve endings in the peripheral and the medial thirds of the meniscal body were identified, and three types of encapsulated mechanoreceptors were found in the anterior and posterior horns. Based on these findings and a review of the relevant literature, it is considered that menisci both receive and transmit proprioceptive information. Therefore, they not only are stabilizers of this joint, but also contribute to the function of deep sensitivity.
Insights
The knee menisci possess nerve endings, including mechanoreceptors in their horns. This innervation suggests menisci play a role in proprioception and joint sensitivity, beyond just joint stabilization.
Area of Science:
- Anatomy
- Neuroscience
- Histology
Background:
- The knee meniscus is crucial for joint stability and shock absorption.
- Its sensory innervation and role in proprioception remain incompletely understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the innervation patterns of the human knee meniscus.
- To elucidate the contribution of meniscal innervation to proprioception and joint sensation.
Main Methods:
- Human knee menisci (n=14) from seven anatomic specimens were utilized.
- A modified gold chloride staining method was employed for nerve visualization.
- Microscopic examination under light microscopy was performed on sectioned menisci.
Main Results:
- Free nerve endings were identified in the peripheral and medial thirds of the meniscal body.
- Three distinct types of encapsulated mechanoreceptors were observed in the anterior and posterior meniscal horns.
- Findings were correlated with existing literature on joint innervation.
Conclusions:
- The human knee meniscus is innervated, containing both free nerve endings and specialized mechanoreceptors.
- Meniscal innervation supports the hypothesis that menisci actively contribute to proprioception and deep sensation.
- Beyond mechanical stabilization, menisci serve a sensory function in the knee joint.