Immunomodulatory effects of fosfomycin in experimental human endotoxemia

To evaluate the effect of fosfomycin on proinflammatory cytokines, a bolus of 2 ng of bacterial lipopolysaccharide/kg of body weight was injected intravenously into healthy volunteers. After 2 h, subjects received 8 g of fosfomycin or placebo in a randomized crossover study design. The resulting concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6 expressed as protein and mRNA levels were almost identical with and without fosfomycin.