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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

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Increased risk in the elderly parturient.

Sven Montan1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. sven.montan@skane.se

Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology
|March 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Advanced maternal age increases obstetric risks, including gestational diabetes, hypertension, and postpartum hemorrhage. Delayed childbearing is linked to adverse perinatal outcomes like stillbirth and prematurity.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Maternal age at childbirth is steadily increasing globally.
  • This trend prompts investigation into associated obstetric and perinatal risks.
  • Understanding these risks is crucial for maternal and infant well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of increasing maternal age on obstetric complications.
  • To analyze the impact of maternal age on perinatal outcomes.
  • To highlight the risks associated with delayed childbearing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on maternal age and pregnancy outcomes.
  • Synthesis of data on obstetric complications in older mothers.
  • Analysis of perinatal data stratified by maternal age.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Increased maternal age is linked to gestational diabetes, hypertension, antepartum hemorrhage, and preterm labor.
  • Intrapartum complications such as cesarean delivery and postpartum hemorrhage are more frequent in older women.
  • Advanced maternal age correlates with higher stillbirth risk and adverse perinatal outcomes, including low birth weight and prematurity.

Conclusions:

  • Increasing maternal age is an independent risk factor for adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes.
  • The effect of maternal age is a continuous spectrum, not a distinct threshold.
  • Further research and patient education are needed regarding the consequences of delayed childbearing.