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Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other01:20

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According to George Herbert Mead, as children progress beyond the game stage, they develop a more comprehensive understanding of societal rules and norms. This cognitive and social development enables them to internalize the expectations of the broader community, refining their ability to regulate behavior.Consistent participation in organized activities is crucial in helping children recognize that their actions are not isolated but contribute to a more significant, interconnected group...
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Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

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During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
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Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
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Empathy02:34

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Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism
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[Asperger syndrome; the issue and the truth].

Toshiro Sugiyama1

  • 1Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|March 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Asperger disorder and high-functioning Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) are increasingly recognized in Japan, impacting education and adult psychiatric care. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for affected individuals and society.

Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology

Context:

  • Rising prevalence of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD), including Asperger disorder, in Japan.
  • High-functioning PDD adolescents linked to serious crimes, posing social and educational challenges.
  • Increased identification of adults with PDD misdiagnosed with other psychiatric conditions.

Purpose:

  • To discuss the clinical implications of Asperger disorder and high-functioning PDD in Japan.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and societal impact of these neurodevelopmental conditions.
  • To provide a clinical perspective on the growing issue of PDD in Japanese society.

Summary:

  • Recent studies indicate a 2% prevalence of PDD in Nagoya City, suggesting at least one PDD child per classroom.

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  • Many adults with PDD have been misdiagnosed, often with schizophrenia or borderline personality disorder.
  • The paper addresses the clinical perspective on Asperger disorder and high-functioning PDD.

    • Impact:

    • Addresses the significant impact of Asperger disorder and PDD on Japanese school education.
    • Highlights the need for improved diagnostic accuracy for PDD in adults.
    • Contributes to a better clinical understanding and management of neurodevelopmental disorders in Japan.