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Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...

Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...

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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Debridement and Drainage for Pancreatic Abscess

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Debridement and Drainage for Pancreatic Abscess

Published on: March 15, 2024

Acute pneumoperitoneum following coitus.

Ranjit Manchanda¹, Ashraf Refaie

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bedford Hospital, Bedford, United Kingdom. ranjitsupriya@yahoo.co.uk

|March 16, 2007

Summary

Vaginal rupture causing pneumoperitoneum (air in the abdomen) is rare after intercourse in young women. This case highlights the importance of considering sexual trauma in acute abdominal presentations.

Area of Science:

Medicine
Gastroenterology
Gynecology

Background:

Pneumoperitoneum, or air under the diaphragm, is typically associated with surgical complications like hysterectomy.
Vaginal rupture causing pneumoperitoneum is exceptionally rare, particularly in young women following conventional sexual intercourse.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a rare case of pneumoperitoneum resulting from vaginal rupture in a young woman after intercourse.
To emphasize the diagnostic importance of sexual history and vaginal examination in similar clinical scenarios.

Main Methods:

A 16-year-old female presented with acute abdominal symptoms.
Radiography revealed pneumoperitoneum, initially suggesting bowel perforation.
A detailed sexual history and examination under anesthesia confirmed vaginal trauma, which was surgically repaired. Laparoscopy excluded other intra-abdominal injuries.

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International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Debridement and Drainage for Pancreatic Abscess

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Published on: March 15, 2024

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

Main Results:

Vaginal rupture was identified as the cause of pneumoperitoneum in a young woman.
Surgical repair of the vaginal tear was successful.
Laparoscopy confirmed no other intra-abdominal injuries.

Conclusions:

Acute pneumoperitoneum can occur secondary to vaginal trauma from sexual intercourse, even in young individuals.
A thorough sexual history and gynecological examination are crucial for diagnosing rare causes of acute abdomen in young women.