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Kerala State, India: radical reform as development.

R W Franke1, B H Chasin

  • 1Department of Anthropology, Montclair State College, NJ 07043.

International Journal of Health Services : Planning, Administration, Evaluation
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Kerala, India, achieved remarkable development in life expectancy, literacy, and infant mortality despite low income. Equitable distribution of resources and strong social movements explain these successes.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Socioeconomics
  • Development Studies

Background:

  • Kerala, India, exhibits exceptional development indicators (life expectancy, literacy, infant mortality) contrasting with its low per capita income.
  • Development benefits in Kerala are notably equitably distributed across urban/rural, gender, and caste lines.
  • Factors contributing to Kerala's success include even population distribution, a history of trade, and organized social movements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the factors behind Kerala's unique development achievements.
  • To understand the role of equitable resource distribution and social activism in improving public health and socioeconomic outcomes.
  • To identify lessons for development planning in low-income regions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of socioeconomic and public health data from Kerala.
  • Examination of historical factors, including land reform and social movement development.
  • Assessment of public distribution systems, healthcare access, and literacy programs.

Main Results:

  • Land reforms successfully redistributed wealth and political power, benefiting smallholders and landless laborers.
  • Integrated public health, food distribution, and education initiatives have reinforced positive development outcomes.
  • Despite challenges like unemployment, Kerala demonstrates a model of inclusive development.

Conclusions:

  • Kerala's success is attributed to a combination of equitable development policies, strong social activism, and accessible public services.
  • The Kerala model offers valuable insights for policymakers aiming for inclusive growth and improved human development indicators in developing nations.
  • Sustained efforts in social welfare and equitable distribution are crucial for long-term development success, though challenges like unemployment require attention.

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