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Related Concept Videos

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists

Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...
Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents01:23

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
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Depressants01:28

Depressants

Depressant drugs, including alcohol and sedative-hypnotics, diminish central nervous system activity by enhancing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation. These substances can have various therapeutic uses but also pose significant risks, especially when misused or combined.
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...

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[Pilot study on the prevalence of dual pathology in community mental health and substance misuse services in Madrid].

Adicciones·2011
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

[Compulsive alcoholics and serotoninergic function].

Néstor Szerman Bolotner1, Lola Peris Diaz

  • 1Hospital Virgen de la Torre, Madrid, España. nestorszerman@wanadoo.es

Vertex (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
|March 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Sertraline showed significant improvement in alcohol dependence symptoms for both gamma and delta subtypes. While gamma patients trended towards recovery, no significant differences were found between groups.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Alcohol dependence is a complex disorder with varying subtypes.
  • Jellinek's modified typology (Babor) categorizes alcoholics into subtypes like gamma and delta.
  • Understanding subtype-specific treatment responses is crucial for effective intervention.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the efficacy and tolerance of sertraline in treating alcohol dependence, specifically comparing gamma and delta subtypes.
  • To explore the relationship between serotonergic function and different alcoholism subtypes.
  • To assess sertraline's impact on compulsive drinking behaviors.

Summary:

  • An open-label, multicenter study involved 91 alcohol-dependent patients treated with sertraline (200 mg).
  • Effectiveness and tolerance were evaluated using scales like OCDS, BIS, Craving Evaluation, and CGI.

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An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila
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An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
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Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
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The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

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An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila
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An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila

Published on: April 15, 2015

  • Statistically significant improvements were observed in CGI Severity (CGI-S) and Improvement (CGI-I), with 76% of patients responding.

    • Impact:

    • The study suggests sertraline may be a viable treatment option for alcohol dependence, showing overall improvement.
    • While gamma patients exhibited a slight tendency towards recovery, no statistically significant differences were found between gamma and delta groups.
    • Future neurobiological research is recommended to further elucidate treatment responses across different alcoholism subtypes.